WATER ENERGY

Water Energy is the energy obtained from running water by use of turbines and generators. This energy is called hydroelectric power.

Hydroelectric Power (H.E.P)

This is electricity produced by running water.

Hydroelectric power stations provide about 20% of the world’s electricity. In Tanzania, hydroelectric power stations/plants are found at Mtera, Kidatu and Nyumba ya Mungu.

Consider the diagram below

 

Production of hydroelectric power

First, a dam is built to trap running water. This is usually in a valley where there is an existing lake. Water is allowed to flow through tunnels in the dam, where they turn turbines, which in turn drive generator.

The generator then produces electricity from water energy. Force of moving water thus turns the generators. Hydroelectric Power plants have no fuel costs and gives off no waste.

NOTE:

1.      The dam constructed is made much thicker at the bottom than at the top because the pressure of water increases with depth.

2.      Hydroelectricity produces no waste products.

Importance of water energy

1. The energy is virtually available
2. It is environmental friendly
3. It is more reliable than other sources like wind
4. Electricity can be generated constantly
5. The energy increases power very quickly

Application of energy from water:

1. In Industries - to drive machine parts
2. Lighting purposes for example in homes
3. Heating and cooking
4. In health facilities i.e. runs incubators and freezers.