Structure of matter

Matter

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter can be change state with vary in temperature

State of Matter

Matter exist in three physical states include

i)        Solid state

ii)       Liquid state

iii)     Gas (vapour) state

Structure of matter

Matter is made up of tiny particles. The particles are either atom or molecules

Atom

Atom is the smallest part of an element, which can take part in chemical reaction. For Example, Sodium atom (Na), hydrogen atom (H) etc. 

Molecules 

A molecule is a group of atoms. For Example, water molecule (H2O), hydrogen molecules (H2)

Solid State

Solid substance has definite shape and definite volume. Particle in solid substance are closely packed together. For Example, of solid substance is Ice, Wood, Stone, Books, Shoes, and Plastic

NB:

i)        The particles vibrate in fixed position

ii)       The particles are not free to move because they held by strong inter particle force

Properties of Solid Matter

i)        Particles are closely packed together

ii)       Has definite shape and volume

iii)     Has strongest inter-particle force 

iv)     Particle are not free to move

v)       Has high density due to small volume

vi)     Particle move very slow

Liquid State

Liquid substance has fixed volume but variable in shapes. Particles in liquid are slightly father apart. For Example, water, kerosene, milk etc.

Properties of Liquid Matter

i)        Particles are slight father apart

ii)       Have definite volume

iii)     Have not definite shape

iv)     Has medium density due to medium volume

v)       Has medium motion

vi)     Inter-particle force is weak

Gas State

Gas has not definite shape or size. Particles are moving so fast and are so far apart that they do not interact with each other at all. For Example, oxygen gas, hydrogen gas, nitrogen gas etc.

Properties of Gas Matter

i)        Has not definite shape

ii)       Has not definite volume

iii)     Has largest inter particle distance

iv)     Has low density due to largest volume

v)       Has weakest inter particle force

vi)     Particle move at high speed

The Particulate Nature of Matter

Scientist called Robert brown used a microscope and observed that pollen grains suspended in water moved short distance in an irregular zigzag manner.

After that observation Robert brown concluded by the law called Brownian motion

Brownian motion

Brownian motion state that

 “Matter is made up of tiny particle that are in a state of continuous random motion”

Kinetic Theory of Matter

It describes the physical properties of matter in terms of the behaviour of its component atom or molecules. It state that

“All matter is made up of very small particles that are in constant motion”

NB:

i)        Motion of solid particles are in vibration

ii)       Motion of liquid and gas particles are in random